St. Bernard Health Problems – 10 Most Common Health Issues

Before delving into specific health problems, it’s crucial to understand the baseline health characteristics of St. Bernards. These majestic dogs are large in size, with males standing around 28 to 30 inches at the shoulder and weighing between 140 to 180 pounds. Females are slightly smaller, measuring about 26 to 28 inches and weighing between 120 to 140 pounds. With proper care, St. Bernards typically have a lifespan of 8 to 10 years.

Due to their size and genetics, St. Bernards are predisposed to certain health issues. Their sheer weight can lead to joint problems and issues like hip dysplasia, where the hip joint doesn’t form properly, causing pain and decreased mobility. Additionally, their short muzzle can result in respiratory difficulties, a condition known as brachycephalic syndrome.

10 Most Common Health Problems & Issues in St. Bernards

1. Hip Dysplasia

Hip dysplasia is a hereditary condition where the thigh bone doesn’t fit properly into the hip joint, causing discomfort and impaired movement.

• Symptoms: Look for signs such as difficulty rising, limping, bunny hopping and decreased activity.
• Causes: Genetic factors play a significant role, while rapid growth and poor nutrition can exacerbate the condition.
• Treatment: Treatment ranges from weight management and physical therapy to surgical options such as hip replacement.

2. Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (Bloat)

Bloat is a life-threatening condition where the stomach twists on itself, leading to gas buildup, decreased blood flow and potential organ damage.

• Symptoms: Restlessness, unsuccessful attempts to vomit, distended abdomen and lethargy.
• Causes: Eating quickly, overeating, or drinking large amounts of water in a short time.
• Treatment: Immediate emergency surgery is required to untwist the stomach and alleviate the blockage.

3. Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurring seizures, which can vary in intensity and frequency.

• Symptoms: Seizure episodes can manifest as twitching, shaking, or even loss of consciousness.
• Causes: Genetic predisposition and sometimes underlying brain abnormalities.
• Treatment: Epilepsy is managed with anticonvulsant medications under the guidance of a veterinarian.

4. Heart Issues (Dilated Cardiomyopathy)

This condition involves the heart muscle becoming weakened, leading to heart enlargement and reduced functionality.

• Symptoms: Watch for signs such as coughing, labored breathing and fainting.
• Causes: Genetic factors and inadequate nutrition can contribute to the development of this condition.
• Treatment: Medications to support heart function and regulate fluid balance, along with a controlled diet and exercise regimen.

5. Osteosarcoma (Bone Cancer)

Osteosarcoma is an aggressive form of bone cancer that primarily affects larger breeds like St. Bernards.

• Symptoms: Lameness, swelling around the affected area and noticeable pain.
• Causes: Genetic predisposition and the breed’s size can increase the risk.
• Treatment: Treatment often involves amputation of the affected limb, followed by chemotherapy and pain management.

6. Obesity

Obesity occurs when a dog carries excess body weight, leading to a range of health problems.

• Symptoms: St. Bernards might show signs like difficulty moving, breathing issues and joint pain.
• Causes: Overfeeding and lack of exercise are the main contributors.
• Treatment: A controlled diet tailored to the dog’s age, weight and activity level, combined with regular exercise, can help manage obesity.

7. Entropion

Entropion is a condition where the eyelids roll inward, causing irritation and potential damage to the eye.

• Symptoms: Excessive tearing, redness and squinting may indicate this condition.
• Causes: Genetic factors can lead to the improper development of eyelids.
• Treatment: Surgical correction is typically needed to alleviate the discomfort.

8. Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism results from insufficient production of thyroid hormones, leading to metabolic imbalances.

• Symptoms: Weight gain, lethargy and skin issues are common signs.
• Causes: Genetics and autoimmune disorders are contributing factors.
• Treatment: Hypothyroidism is managed with synthetic thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

9. Cataracts

Cataracts involve the clouding of the eye lens, which can lead to vision impairment or blindness.

• Symptoms: Look for cloudy or opaque eyes, difficulty seeing and bumping into objects.
• Causes: Genetic predisposition and age-related changes.
• Treatment: Surgical removal of cataracts is the primary treatment option.

10. Respiratory Issues (Brachycephalic Syndrome)

Brachycephalic syndrome occurs due to the breed’s short muzzle, which can lead to breathing difficulties.

• Symptoms: Watch for noisy breathing, snoring and excessive panting.
• Causes: The breed’s flat facial structure restricts air passages.
• Treatment: Weight management, avoiding strenuous exercise in hot weather and in severe cases, surgical correction.

Precautions & Preventative Measures

To ensure the well-being of your St. Bernard, it’s important to take preventative measures. Schedule regular veterinary check-ups to catch potential issues early, feed a balanced diet to maintain a healthy weight and provide adequate exercise suitable for the breed’s size. Monitor their eating habits to prevent rapid eating, a common cause of bloat. Moreover, avoid strenuous activities during hot weather to prevent respiratory distress.

• Balanced Diet and Weight Management: St. Bernards’ large size makes them prone to joint issues like hip dysplasia. Providing a balanced diet tailored to their age and activity level is essential. Avoid excessive feeding to prevent obesity, which can exacerbate joint problems. Consult your veterinarian to determine the appropriate diet and feeding schedule.
• Regular Exercise: While St. Bernards are not high-energy dogs, regular exercise is crucial to maintaining their overall health. Controlled exercise helps in weight management, prevents muscle atrophy and keeps joints mobile. Engage in moderate daily walks and gentle play sessions suitable for their size.
• Responsible Growth Management: St. Bernards undergo rapid growth during their puppy phase. Controlled growth is essential to avoid stressing their developing bones and joints. Consult your veterinarian for guidance on appropriate growth management strategies, including feeding practices and exercise routines.
• Dental Care: Dental hygiene is often overlooked but critical for your St. Bernard’s health. Regular teeth brushing and dental check-ups can prevent gum disease and maintain overall oral health. Dental issues can lead to systemic health problems, so make dental care a part of your routine.

What Do St. Bernards Usually Die From?

St. Bernards are more susceptible to certain health issues due to their genetics and size. Common causes of death include cancer, especially osteosarcoma, heart-related issues like dilated cardiomyopathy and age-related conditions. Proper care, regular check-ups and a healthy lifestyle can extend the lifespan of your St. Bernard.